Back pain - an unpleasant manifestation of many diseases, or a strong increase in the muscles of the back from different reasons. In most cases, this pathology occurs on the background of the different changes in the patterns of the joints of the spine, but also located in the vicinity of the muscles, nerve endings, or of the integument over the spine. In addition, this symptom accompanies some diseases or disorders of the functioning of the internal organs.
Place of localization of the painful feelings can tell you a lot about what the internal organs are damaged. Therefore, pain in the lower back suggests that maybe affected by the bone tissue of the spine, in man to develop intervertebral hernia, wonder, nerves, bone marrow, organs of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis.
Pain in the upper back is manifested on the background of various diseases of the aorta, cancer or benign growths on the chest, when coughing, but also on the background of inflammation of the spine. But much more often back pain appear due to a large load on the joints and ligaments of the spine.
Etiology
Feelings of pain in the back is not unusual for a completely healthy person, but several times more often occurs when the disease. The main reasons, which are related with disorders of the functioning of the body, there are various disturbances of the integrity of the spinal column. To this group of pathological reasons include the following diseases:
- остеомиелит, in which поражается bone marrow;
- cancerous growths or metastases, the most common on the spine, and causes pain in the lower back;
- education hernia in межпозвоночных disks;
- the displacement of the vertebrae;
- curvature of the spine to varying degrees;
- fractures or other injuries of this organ;
- spinal canal the spine;
- spondylarthrosis - the defeat of the cartilage;
- fibromyalgia is a chronic muscle pain that accompanies the reaction a variety of unpleasant symptoms. It arises not only the pain in the upper back, but also at the bottom.
The main causes of back pain
The causes of the occurrence of болевого syndrome, which are not associated with disease of the spine or by changing its structure:
- pelvic bleeding;
- compression of nerves in the sternum leading to the emergence of pain in the back when you inhale;
- gynecological disease is often characterized by unpleasant sensations in the right side or in the lower back as a whole;
- the concentration of a large amount of blood in the retroperitoneal space;
- disease of various organs of small pelvis;
- the layering of the aorta;
- peptic ulcer - causes pain in the back between the shoulder blades;
- disorders of the functioning of the kidneys;
- shingles;
- arthritis;
- disorders of the digestive system and the urinary system causing pain in the back right or left (in place of the projection of the affected organ);
- interruption of work of the organs, localized in the abdominal cavity;
- rheumatological disease;
- neoplasms in the lungs will manifest pain when you inhale or cough;
- diseases of the cardiovascular system, cause a person pain in the side, frequently the left;
- the formation of stones in the kidneys - is manifested by pain in the lower back;
- appendicitis - when this недуге pain gives on both sides;
- infectious disease, accompanied by lesion of the lung.
In most cases, data the reasons may induce pain in the back under the lower back.
Factors that pain can occur in a healthy adult or child:
- long-lasting effect of cold temperatures;
- the working conditions under which a person is forced to lift weights for hours at a time;
- sudden movements;
- during a strong cough (it is caused pain in the back, higher waist);
- stay in an uncomfortable position, or in sleep, or during long journeys;
- the course of menstruation;
- injuries or fractures, while the optional spine. Because of the fractures the pain from the damaged places often gives the back;
- bad posture;
- the increased weight of the body;
- age category - back problems can occur at any age, but for people of middle and older generation is such a mark, which is characterized by the most often, because in the body can be a chronic disease, slows down some processes, by what means and there is pain in the muscles of the back (can be longer).
It is worth considering, pain in the back during pregnancy. A woman all the time feel the weight in the back and pain in the chest when coughing, caused by the growing fetus and the pressure that creates. Because of the displacement of the torso, the muscles of the lower back and pelvis tighten to withstand the weight. It is for these reasons appear pain in the back.
Varieties
Depending on the reason, it's an unpleasant feeling, can локализоваться in different places:
- pain in the back above the rest - can be periodic or chronic nature, most often arises due to harmless factors, among which, improper arrangement of the working places, or lifting weights;
- feelings of pain directly in the area of the lumbar - are manifested on the background of the shift or herniation of the disc. The pain can be so severe that causes pain in the back during inspiration and cough, but in a horizontal position all currently underway;
- pain under lower back - it can occur due to hypothermia or a strong load on his back. If this symptom manifested itself in any disease, it is necessary to immediately summon emergency assistance. For this type are characterised by unpleasant sensations in the right side, which often give to the lower extremities;
- soreness in лопатках - pain in the back on the left occurs during a heart attack or psychological problems. Often spreads to such an unknown place, as the right arm, neck or groin. On the right side - in the formation of stones or other kidney disease. The pain directly in both лопатках is expressed in the result of tumors or tuberculosis;
- pain in back on right side - gives a signal about the problems with breathing, pneumonia or онкологией in the lungs or the bronchi of the upper, and the institutions involved in the allocation of the urine;
- pain in the back on the left - talks about the problems with the heart and the respiratory system;
- pain in the lower back - a very common kind of annoying, because it can be expressed because of the large number of diseases, for example, in the case of the catarrhal cough, or under the influence of external factors. Significantly, if these pains are spreading in the side and last for more than three months, this means that the disorder overflowed in the chronic form;
- pain in upper back - often led by cancer новообразованиями or метастазами in the lungs or in the spine.
Classification of back pain
Symptoms
Симптоматика back pain of various localization, can vary, depending on the causes of. The most commonly painful in the back accompanied by these symptoms:
- limit the consequences of the injury and the motor function of a person due to different intensity of pain and its propagation in different directions, other organs or limbs;
- frequent desire for emission of urine, especially if it is pain in the lower back pain is caused by problems with the kidneys or urinary tract channel;
- in some cases, produces heat;
- a sharp decline in body weight;
- diarrhea;
- weakness and pain in the muscles of the back;
- bouts of nausea, ending in vomiting;
- pressure in the chest area, heart and lungs;
- the emergence of a sharp pain in lungs when coughing;
- feeling of lack of air;
- the constant concern;
- distraction of attention;
- reduction of visual acuity and hearing.
Because the main symptom is pain, she can wear a different character. In some cases it can be spicy and sharp, in others it is constant and pressing. Often the pain spreads in different directions, internal organs, or as a space in which, in principle, not be, for example, the face, the neck, the lower jaw. In some cases, painful worsens after a meal, or on the contrary, the stops, may occur during sleep due to improper position, or to yourself to pass, as soon as a person takes a horizontal position.
Diagnosis
Before you begin treatment, the therapist is necessary to perform a series of examination to determine possible causes terms of pain, its type and the place of localization. To the attending physician get a complete picture of manufactures, to the flow of this uncomfortable feelings, the patient should be:
Электромиография
- provide complete information about the symptoms accompanying the pain in the back, when it first manifested and how it is intense;
- to express the assumption that would occur to such a feeling, for example, menstruation, uncomfortable posture for sleep or body position at work, a cough or sudden movement, and also to give the possibility to the expert to get acquainted with the complete list of all the diseases of a particular patient for the whole life;
- tell in which place the pain occurs, and on what organs or side of the body spread. It is very important for diagnosis, because of different localization of the pain can talk about various diseases;
- undergo a general examination during which the doctor will пальпацию of the spine;
- successfully pass the tests of blood and urine for the determination of disturbances of the process or a kidney disease;
- perform chest x-rays - to help detect abnormalities of the structure of the spine, chest and lungs;
- through CT and MRI scans for the detection of possible diseases of internal organs;
- examine the muscles using электромиографии;
- carry out research of the bone by introducing into the body a contrast agent. Where it will build, there has occurred a violation;
- обследоваться for determining the density of bone tissue;
- additionally, consult with specialists, such as neurologist, ревматолог, orthopedist and vertebrologist.
After getting all the test results, the doctor will prescribe an individual treatment for each patient.
Treatment
If the pain unbearable, then before visiting the doctor it is necessary to carry out activities, the provision of first aid:
- attach cold compress to the back part, where localized pain;
- to ensure total immobility, to avoid further damage. The victim it is necessary to take the most comfortable position of the body;
- take painkillers;
- to completely rule out any burden.
After arrival to a medical facility performed the treatment, the basis of the therapy of the basic disease, which can consist of:
- anti-inflammatory drugs;
- warming ointments;
- drugs that prevent spasm in intense pain the lower back, because it is precisely this kind of painful feelings most often occurs in patients;
- drugs which increase the production of the components of cartilage tissue;
- physiotherapeutic treatment (heating);
- therapeutic massage;
- manual methods of therapy, but their use is possible only according to the instructions of the attending physician, as improper implementation of such treatment is likely to aggravate the situation;
- acupuncture - is similar to the previous point, apply with a doctor's permission;
- врачебного interference - this is done only in some cases, for example in oncology or need to create an intervertebral prosthesis;
- wearing a special corset, which will reduce the pressure on the spine and поясницу.
Prevention
Профилактическими techniques for avoiding the occurrence of back pain are:
- early treatment of the underlying disease of the spine, lungs, kidneys and organs of the abdominal cavity;
- the rejection of strong physical exertion and hypothermia of the organism, especially in pregnant women;
- observance of the correct posture during work and study;
- ensure a comfortable sleep environment;
- adaptation to increased body weight;
- restrictions cushioning the movements of the back;
- preventive checkups at the clinic for the early detection of diseases that cause pain in the back.